Chapter 13

Copyright and Fair Use

The Educator's Guide to Copyright and Fair Use

When it comes to copyright law and the application of fair use exceptions, ignorance is definitely not bliss! Learn how to educate yourselves and your students and avoid making a costly mistake!

You really did plan to find time over the summer to familiarize yourself with the latest information on copyright law. You absolutely intended to look up the fair use guidelines for using technology resources. You truly meant to create a classroom copyright policy, locate agencies that grant permissions to use copyrighted materials, write a template for a permission request form, and locate sites to teach students about the value of original work and the societal benefits of obeying copyright laws. You just had a few other things to do.

So now you have a student who wants to include audio of a Beatles song in a multimedia presentation about the 1960s, another who wants to include the poem "Casey at the Bat" in a report on the World Series, and a third who wants to post photographs of Biden and Obama to the class Web site.

What's an educator to do? Read Education World's five-part series on copyright, fair use, and new technologies, that's what! We did the work so you wouldn't have to!

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Chapter 12

Knowledge Management

Nike knowledge Management

1. What is knowledge managementNot a solution.
Complements other organizational initiatives like TQM and Business Process Re-engineering by making use of the know-how and expertise available to the company.
Two-fold process:
Management of knowledge assets.
Management of processes for creating, organizing, transferring, sharing, and using knowledge throughout the organization.
Development of processes to link knowledge requirements to business strategies.
To plan for, generate, represent and provide access to individual and organizational knowledge.
In more common language, knowledge management is:
Managing what is known
How well it is known
Who knows it
How it is applied
How it can be leveraged and used
3. Explicit knowledgeRecorded, consisting of written text, reports, documents, databases, and websites.
Codified and can be classified through a database, website listing or other means of access.
Rule-based or object-based.
Using symbols, explicit knowledge can be easily communicated between groups or individuals.
2. Tacit knowledgeResides in individual’s memories.
Built from personal experience and know-how from experience.
Also values, ideas, bias, preconceptions, assumptions, believes, habits, etc.
Expressed through action-based skills.
If captured, the knowledge is no longer tacit.
4. Cultural knowledgeAwareness of the organizational culture that exists within a company.
Shared assumptions about business practices, goals, capabilities, competitors, customers, etc.
"An organization's cultural knowledge consists of the beliefs it holds to be true based on experience, observation, and reflection about itself and its environment." (Choo, 2002)
5. Nonaka and Takeuchi’s Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge CreationTacit-to-tacit (socialization) where individuals directly share and test knowledge.
Examples: discussions over coffee or lunch, or those discussions at the water cooler, job shadowing, project management orientation, etc.
Tacit-to-explicit (externalization) the transfer of knowledge into a tangible form through documentation or discussion.
Examples: idea generation, concept design, new product development, writing a report, etc.
Explicit-to-tacit (internalization) where individuals internalize knowledge from documents, discussion or learning into their own body of knowledge.
Examples: studying a sales report, the employee manual, technical paper, etc.
Explicit-to-explicit (combination) combining different forms of explicit knowledge such as documents or databases.
Examples: preparation of documents, methodologies, tools, and templates, etc. from other reports.


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Chapter 11

Information systems 

Information systems are implemented within an organization for the purpose of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of that organization. Capabilities of the information system and characteristics of the organization, its work systems, its people, and its development and implementation methodologies together determine the extent to which that purpose is achieved.

Examples of information systems in organization

Computer Science

Researching Next Generation Software Concepts

We drive long term differentiation for Samsung platforms such as phones, TVs, set top boxes, etc. by combining the best of computer science with Consumer Electronics (CE). Our objective is to research and develop next generation software concepts to make the Samsung platform the CE platform of choice. Our research involves building prototypes to validate our idea. Our motto is 'Innovate by Doing'. Our current research areas include System Research, Advanced Browser Technology and Intelligent Storage Architecture.

System Research

We perform fundamental research in language, compiler and operating system technologies for future business platforms. Current work includes the development of parallel languages for multicore and manycore embedded systems, as well as parallel run-times/operating systems that provide significant improvements in performance and scalability over existing monolithic solutions. New directions include the use of microkernel-based operating systems to build scalable and transparent distributed processing, as well as intelligent run-time systems that provide architecture-aware and context-aware performance optimization.

Advanced Browser Technology

HTML5 and other new additions to web technology make web programming an attractive alternative to native programming for devices such as smartphones, tablets and DTVs. Our mission is to enhance the web platform on Samsung devices by extending core web technologies from multiple perspectives, including performance, security and user interface / user experience. Our current work covers a variety of topics such as hardware acceleration to boost application performance, new security models for web applications and new JavaScript APIs and frameworks.

Intelligent Storage Architecture

Data-intensive applications have been posing increasing challenges to storage systems over the past decade. An inflection point has now been reached, requiring new storage architectures for these applications. Our mission is to conduct research to identify technologies and architecture for future zetta-scale storage systems and to build prototype systems for data-intensive applications. Our current work includes developing models for advanced storage, networking and system software technologies. We develop an architectural simulator for scalable distributed storage systems and validate the simulation results on a real test bed.

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